A 36-year-old man with a chronic hepatitis C infection developed hyperthyroidism from a previously normal thyroid status. Laboratory tests showed both elevated serum thyroxine and anti-thyroid antibody titres. The patient's hyperthyroidism was brought into remission by the administration of anti-thyroid medication. Graves' disease is a possible autoimmune manifestation of chronic hepatitis C not associated with interferon therapy. The mechanism may be due to antigen mimicry, epitope modification, or T-cell activation by the hepatitis C virus. New treatment modalities may be more effective than interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C patients with thyroid disorders.

Focal fatty change of the liver is a rare and poorly recognised entity. Most of the previously reported cases occurred in patients suffering from the usual steatogenic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. The focality of the lesion, however, remains unexplained. The author reports a rare case of subcapsular focal fatty change of the liver occurring in a 60-year-old Chinese woman suffering from poorly controlled adult-onset diabetes mellitus. The underlying pathogenesis for the focal fatty change is thought to be related to local ischaemic effect secondary to diabetic angiopathy, which may further enhance the steatogenicity of diabetes mellitus. The recognition of focal fatty change of the liver is important in order to avoid misdiagnosis of other space-occupying lesions radiologically and macroscopically.

We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with paralytic ileus, interstitial cystitis and bilateral hydronephrosis with systemic lupus erythematosus being the probable underlying aetiology. This uncommon association-the first case described in our locality-may represent a specific subgroup found in lupus patients.

A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the ilium is reported, in which the patient was examined by magnetic resonance imaging for post-operative evaluation purposes. Magnetic resonance imaging, combined with contrast enhancement and fat suppression technique, is a sensitive way of detecting recurrent eosinophilic granuloma involving the bony skeleton.

DiGeorge anomaly comprises hypoparathyroidism, thymic aplasia, conotruncal cardiac anomaly and dysmorphic features. Most cases result from a microdeletion within chromosome 22q11. We report a case of documented DiGeorge anomaly and the use of high resolution cytogenetic analysis and the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique are discussed.